Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to bleeding anywhere along the digestive tract, from the oesophagus to the rectum. It can range from small amounts of bleeding that are only detected on testing, to more significant bleeding requiring urgent assessment.
What causes gastrointestinal bleeding?
There are many possible causes of GI bleeding, including stomach or duodenal ulcers, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, haemorrhoids, diverticular disease, bowel polyps, bowel cancer, and abnormal blood vessels (such as angioectasia). The cause depends on the location and nature of the bleeding.
What symptoms can occur?
Symptoms may include:
- Bright red blood or darker blood in the stool
- Black, tarry stools (melaena)
- Vomiting blood
- Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia
- Fatigue, dizziness, or symptoms related to blood loss
How is gastrointestinal bleeding investigated?
Assessment depends on the pattern and severity of bleeding. Investigations may include blood tests, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy, or imaging to identify the source of bleeding and guide treatment.
How is gastrointestinal bleeding treated?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Many causes of GI bleeding can be treated endoscopically during gastroscopy or colonoscopy, including bleeding ulcers, abnormal blood vessels, and certain polyps. Other treatments may include medications, iron replacement, or referral for surgical or radiological management when required.
Do I need a consultation?
Yes. Gastrointestinal bleeding should be assessed to identify the cause and exclude significant underlying conditions. Your gastroenterologist will review your symptoms, organise appropriate investigations, and recommend the most suitable treatment plan.
Have questions about a condition?
Our team is happy to answer your questions and discuss your treatment options.